Friday, September 24, 2021

EI8075/FIBRE OPTICS AND LASER INSTRUMENTS/UNIT 1& 2 Important questions

 

 UNIT I OPTICAL FIBRES AND THEIR PROPERTIES              &  

UNIT II INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF OPTICAL FIBRES   

Important questions

PART A

  • Draw the block diagram of the Optical Fiber Communication system

  • Define Total Internal Reflection

  • Problem

  • Define acceptance angle

  • List out the requirements for optical detector

  • List out the types of optical fiber sensors with an example

  • What are Moire fringes

  • Write a short note on optical modulators and their type.

  • What are Dispersion and mention its type?

  • Write a short note on Non-linear scattering loss
  • What is incident and reflected light?
  • Define critical angle?

  • Among microwaves & light waves, which have a high bit rate distant product? Why?

  • What is the necessity of cladding for an optical fiber?

  • Mention three advantages of optical fiber as a waveguide over conventional metallic waveguide?

  • What is a Fiber Optic Polarimeter?

  • Define a modulator? Give its types?

  • What are the important parameters of optical detectors?

  • Explain briefly about pockels effect?

  • Discuss briefly micro-bending and macro-bending in fiber optics?


PART B

  • Step index & graded-index fiber

  • Meridional and Skew rays
  • Principle of light propagation and guiding mechanism in fiber optics.

  • Measurement of attenuation (by cut-back method)
  • Fiber Absorption Measurement 
  • Different types of modulators 
  • Measurement of scattering loss and near field scanning techniques
  • Measurement of dispersion
  • Problem
  • Transmission and mechanical characteristics of optical fiber

  • Measurement of pressure and temperature using fiber optics
  • Optical source (LED) and Optical detector (P-I-N)



Tuesday, September 21, 2021

PPSPC31/PS7008/EE8019/SMART GRID /Assignment -01

 


Smart Grid Assignment-01

  1.  Write a report on India Smart grid Policy & Implementation status
  2. Write a report on Smart grid -Puducherry Pilot project 
  3. Collect around 50 surveys regarding the awareness of smart meters and the necessity of smart grids for an Indian environment. 

Note: Before taking the survey send the questionnaires and get verified.



Sunday, September 19, 2021

SMART GRID Syllabus

 


UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID     

Evolution of Electric Grid, Concept, Definitions and Need for Smart Grid, Smart grid drivers, functions, opportunities, challenges and benefits, Difference between conventional & Smart Grid, National and International Initiatives in Smart Grid.

UNIT II SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES                                                                               

Technology Drivers, Smart energy resources, Smart substations, Substation Automation, Feeder Automation ,Transmission systems: EMS, FACTS and HVDC, Wide area monitoring, Protection and control, Distribution systems: DMS, Volt/Var control, Fault Detection, Isolation and service restoration, Outage management, High-Efficiency Distribution Transformers, Phase Shifting Transformers, Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV).

UNIT III SMART METERS AND ADVANCED METERING INFRASTRUCTURE       

Introduction to Smart Meters, Advanced Metering infrastructure (AMI) drivers and benefits, AMI protocols, standards and initiatives, AMI needs in the smart grid, Phasor Measurement Unit(PMU), Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) & their application for monitoring & protection.

UNIT IV POWER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SMART GRID                          

Power Quality & EMC in Smart Grid, Power Quality issues of Grid connected Renewable Energy Sources, Power Quality Conditioners for Smart Grid, Web based Power Quality monitoring, Power Quality Audit.

UNIT V HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR SMART GRID APPLICATIONS

 Local Area Network (LAN), House Area Network (HAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Broadband over Power line (BPL), IP based Protocols, Basics of Web Service and CLOUD Computing to make Smart Grids smarter, Cyber Security for Smart Grid.

 

REFERENCES

1 Stuart Borlase “Smart Grid :Infrastructure, Technology and Solutions”, CRC Press 2012.

2 Janaka Ekanayake, Nick Jenkins, KithsiriLiyanage, Jianzhong Wu, Akihiko Yokoyama, “Smart Grid: Technology and Applications”, Wiley 2012.

3 Vehbi C. Güngör, DilanSahin, TaskinKocak, Salih Ergüt, Concettina Buccella, Carlo Cecati, and Gerhard P. Hancke, “Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards” IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics, Vol. 7, No. 4, November 2011.

 4 Xi Fang, Satyajayant Misra, Guoliang Xue, and Dejun Yang “Smart Grid – The New and Improved Power Grid: A Survey” , IEEE Transaction on Smart Grids, vol. 14, 2012.



Mesh Analysis Problem - Methods to solve

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