Challenges in an Electric Vehicle

Challenges in Battery Electric Vehicle(BEV)

The energy storage is lower than IC engine based vehicle

• Limited driving range(Range Anxiety)
• High Initial cost (Batteries: oversized, costly, replacement, limited cycle life(4-5 years)
• Lack of charging infrastructure
• Effect on power utility grid
• Cost of charging infrastructure
• Discontinuous operation
• Normal charging(5-8 hrs ,110-240V,13-40A,2-4KW)
• Fast charging(20-30 mins,200-400V, 100-200A,50KW)
• Battery swapping( battery bank replaced in station)

Challenges in Conventional HEV(HEV)

• Non zero emissions
• Low energy diversification(it can be only refilled using oil & natural  gas)
• Complex system and Coordination
• System is heavy and bulky
• Variable transmission system
• Transmission loss
• Noise
• Regular lubricant

Challenges in Grid ableHEV(HEV)

• All the challenges of conventional HEV
• Requires installation of on board charger in some vehicle
• Initial cost more due to more battery capacity.

Challenges in Fuel cell EV

• High initial cost
• Fuel Cells
• Lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure(not commonly available)
• Storage of Hydrogen
• Compressed Hydrogen gas
• Liquid Hydrogen
• Metal Hydride
• Safety concern

Challenges in Ultracapacitors/Ultra Flywheels

• Costly
• Low specific energy
• Cannot be sole energy source.
• UF have safety concern